Which process is enhanced by an overabundance of nutrients in water ecosystems?

Eutrophication is the process that is significantly enhanced by an overabundance of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in aquatic ecosystems. When these nutrients enter water bodies, often from agricultural runoff or sewage discharge, they stimulate excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants. This rapid proliferation of algae, known as algal blooms, can lead to several ecological consequences.

One critical aspect of eutrophication is that while initial algal growth might seem beneficial by increasing photosynthesis, it ultimately disrupts the ecosystem balance. When the algae die and decompose, it consumes a large amount of oxygen in the water, leading to hypoxic conditions where aquatic life struggles to survive. This chain reaction demonstrates how an increase in nutrients initially promotes growth but can ultimately lead to detrimental effects on water quality and biodiversity.

The other processes listed, such as photosynthesis, oxygenation, and acidification, do not fundamentally describe or relate to the same cycle and consequences as eutrophication. Photosynthesis may occur in nutrient-rich waters, but it is not the primary process impacted by nutrient overload. Oxygenation refers to the introduction of oxygen into water, which can be disrupted by eutrophication rather than enhanced. Acidification is a process usually associated with increased carbon dioxide levels and does